Introduction
The brain receives sensory information and controls activities of the trunk, and also limbs through its connections with the spinal cord. Within the brain are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that interact with regions of the head and face.
The division of the human brain consists of: rhombencephalon (hindbrain); mesencephalon (midbrain); prosencephalon (forebrain).
Rhombencephalon
Components of the hindbrain include: the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. The medulla, pons, and also midbrain make up the brainstem whose location is upon the basal part of occipital and sphenoid bone.
The cerebellum consists of a median vermis which connects the two cerebellar hemispheres. Its location is within the posterior cranial fossa and lies behind the brainstem. Consequently behind the brainstem, the cerebellum establishes neural connections with it.
Prosencephalon
The forebrain consists of the diencephalon, and telencephalon. Parts of the diencephalon include: epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, & subthalamus. The cerebrum hides the diencephalon from exterior.
The telencephalon constitutes the cerebrum and its hemispheres, which occupies the anterior, and also the middle cranial fossa.
Two cerebral hemispheres make up the cerebrum, with folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) on the surface. Within the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex that contains grey matter. Thick mass of white matter below the cerebral cortex constitutes the internal capsule, and also the basal ganglia.
The internal capsule contains more axonic fibers to and fro the cerebral cortex and lower part of CNS. The basal ganglia consist of large nuclei of grey matter. The corpus callosum links both cerebral hemispheres together.
Ventricular system and the narrow central canal
The ventricles and the narrow central canal are continuous lumen within the CNS. These lumens remain due to neural tube thickening that doesn’t entirely close up central lumen as part of normal fetal development. The narrow central canal is present in the spinal cord.
The ventricular system is a group of interconnected cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. In the forebrain and hindbrain, the roof of the neural tube forms the choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is a secretory tissue that secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
The central lumen of the hindbrain expands to form the IV ventricle which is posterior to the pons & at the upper half of the medulla. The IV ventricle is continuous with the narrow central canal through the narrow canal at the lower half of the medulla.
There are three openings on the roof of the IV ventricle. These openings known as the foramina of Luschka and Magendie are continuous with the subarachnoid space. By the help of these foramina, the IV ventricle connects with the subarachnoid space.
Superiorly, the IV ventricle is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct (a narrow canal) which passes through the midbrain. Above, the cerebral aqueduct opens into the III ventricle which is surrounded by the diencephalon.
Superiorly, the III ventricle connects with the two large lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres through a small canal.
In conclusion, the human brain contains billions of neural networks in connection with different parts of the brain. I believe there is more to uncover about the human brain because of its complexity. The evolution of a natural human superintelligence begins with human brain research.