Blog Posts
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Bacteria and viruses you may not know
Introduction With infection control methods including sanitation and vaccination programs, deaths from infection are still reported. The older population with chronic diseases and weak immunity die more than the younger population. Children and young adults are more likely to die more from immunodeficiency syndromes than older people. Infectious agents range…
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What you should know about the clinical implications of tumor
Introduction The clinical implications of tumor cells may range from minute to large depending on their stages. Signs and symptoms may also reflect the primary anatomical sites involved, including adjacent locations as well. Before we dive into the clinical implications, let’s discuss the routes of cancer spread & tumor immunity.…
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This is the basic concept of tumors or neoplasms
Definition According to the WHO statistics of 2021, cancer is among the top 10 leading causes of death globally. Despite current advancement in healthcare research and treatment, it’s still a tremendous burden among patients and their relatives. Along with its morbidity and mortality, its infliction of psychological stress, financial strain…
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How to identify neoplasms and tumor-like lesions affecting children
Benign neoplasm and tumor-like lesions About 2 in 100 malignant tumors affect children worldwide. Macroscopically, neoplasm (true tumors) and a tumor-like lesion may look similar, however they present as different lesions. While tumor-like lesions may look benign in nature, they may cause clinical problems based on size and location. We…
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Congenital anomalies that you should know
Childhood abnormalities For children below 12 years old, the most leading causes of death are congenital anomalies. However, beyond this age other leading causes include accident and adverse effects, malignant cancers, lower respiratory tract infections. Our focus shall be on congenital anomalies, perinatal infections and childhood tumors. Congenital anomalies Congenital…
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How to identify the implications of genetic disorders
The human gene and genetic disorders The human gene is a complex structure through which all human traits can be confirmed. The study of genetics has made us understand the source of our identity and variations among humans. About 0.5% of our DNA expresses the traits responsible for polymorphism. These…
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Why knowledge of autoimmune diseases,& immunodeficiency is valuable in healthcare
Defining autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases are direct consequences of immune-mediated inflammatory reaction with some features of chronic inflammation. In organ-specific autoimmune diseases, the immune response is against a single organ. During systemic autoimmune diseases, there is a wide-spread immune response against an antigen. Autoimmune diseases and immunological tolerance In order…
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Now let’s review the immune response and hypersensitivity reaction
The normal immune response A normal immune response offers coordinated protection against foreign infections. It must ensure immunological tolerance towards self-antigen. Types of immune response include: natural, innate immunity & acquired, adaptive immunity. First responders to infection are the natural, innate immunity. Acquired, adaptive immunity are second responders stimulated by…