Author: udimdennis
Now let’s review the immune response and hypersensitivity reaction
The normal immune response A normal immune response offers co-ordinated protection against foreign infections. It must ensure immunological tolerance towords self-antigen. Types of immune response include: natural, innate immunity & acquired, adaptive immunity. First responders to infection are the natural, innate immunity. Acquired, adaptive immunity are second responders stimulated by microbes, and foreign antigens. It… Read more
Acid-base disorders and what we should know
The physiology of acid-base balance Acids are substances that dissociate to release hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions. Conjugate bases are substances that receive hydrogen ions in aqueous medium. In normal human metabolism, our body produces CO2, H20 & energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids in the Krebs cycle pathway. CO2… Read more
How shock and pulmonary embolism can be devastating
Embolism and their types An embolus is a separated intravascular mass in various forms that travels by blood to a distant site from its place of origin. They appear in solid, liquid and gaseous forms & are becoming silent killers because of their insidious onsets, elusive natures, & very drastic consequences. Pulmonary embolism has been… Read more
This is the pathogenesis of thrombi
The disorders of hemodynamics and homeostasis The hemodynamic and homeostatic disorders specify abnormal changes in the blood component. Here we shall discuss about them. Edema is an abnormal increase of fluid within the interstitium of tissues. A disbalance between the capillary hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure result in a transudative fluid. Edema among different tissues… Read more
This is what granulation tissue formation may cause
The extracellular matrix The Extracellular matrix provides an additional framework & support to the tissues. The fibrillar proteins (e.g. collagen); adhesive glycoproteins (e.g. fibronectins, selectin); proteoglycans and hyaluronan make up the extracellular matrix. The basal lamina and interstitial matrix are divisions of the extracellular matrix. The space between tissues is the interstitial matrix and consists… Read more
What you should know about cell proliferation
Tissue renewal & cell proliferation Research in the area of regenerative medicine has established hope in the use of stem cells to develop least diving cells. Tissue renewal can be defined by how they can regenerate or repair themselves after damage. Regeneration is the proliferation of cells to completely replace damaged structures. Repair is the… Read more
The disastrous consequences of chronic inflammation
Definition: Chronic inflammation is the prolonged response of inflammatory cells to microbial products and toxic insults. Macrophages are the predominant cells in chronic inflammation. The causes of chronic inflammation include: Unregulated immune reactions as in allergy, & rheumatoid arthritis; stubborn infections resulting in granuloma formation; continuous exposure to toxic substances as in coal and lipid.… Read more
Acute inflammation is the genesis of tissue protection
Acute inflammation may progress to chronic Microbes, necrotic cells and injurious stimuli elicit a response, called “inflammation”. Inflammation is the body’s reaction against injurious stimuli and products of cell injury to repair the cell. It can be acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is an immediate reaction to cell injury or injurious stimuli by the release… Read more